Pi Squared’s Verifiability Stack

This paper introduces Pi Squared's Verifiability Stack, a three-tiered architecture comprising the Verifiable Settlement Layer (VSL), the Verifiable Language Machine (VLM), and the Verifiable Consensus Protocol (VCP). VSL provides a unified settlement layer for provable computational claims corresponding to executions of any programs in any programming languages (PLs) or virtual machines (VMs). VLM enables the development of blockchains with smart contracts written in any PLs/VMs. VCP unchains consensus to unordered, independent values, unlocking massive parallelism and scalability. By integrating VSL, VLM, and VCP, Pi Squared’s Verifiability Stack creates a flexible, efficient, and secure foundation for next-generation Web3 applications.