Pi Squared’s Universality Stack

This paper introduces Pi Squared's Universality Stack, a three-tiered architecture comprising the Universal Settlement Layer (USL), the Universal Language Machine (ULM), and the Universal Consensus Protocol (UCP). USL provides a unified settlement layer for provable computational claims corresponding to executions of any programs in any programming languages (PLs) or virtual machines (VMs). ULM enables the development of blockchains with smart contracts written in any PLs/VMs. UCP unchains consensus to unordered, independent values, unlocking massive parallelism and scalability. By integrating USL, ULM, and UCP, Pi Squared’s Universality Stack creates a flexible, efficient, and secure foundation for next-generation Web3 applications.