The Pi Squared White Paper

This paper explains Pi Squared's vision to bring universal verifiability to Web3 and beyond, without compromising performance. Universality means that all programming languages can be used to write smart contracts. Verifiability means that program execution is provably correct according to their mathematical definitions, without any need to trust or formally verify compilers, interpreters, or zkVMs. The time is ripe for Pi Squared's ambitious vision, thanks to breakthroughs in three core technologies: a semantics-based execution layer, a universal verifiable computing framework, and a verifiability stack. This paper describes what these are, why they are important, and how they converge.